Porters Five Forces in Poland Non Public Education Industry

Question: Discuss about thePorters Five Forces in Poland Non Public Education Industry. Answer: Introduction Porters Five Forces are framework that is used to evaluate and assess organization competitiveness strength and positioning in an industry with an aim of formulating strategies (Huggins Izushi, 2011). From the Krzyzanowska Tkaczyk article in 2002, Porters Five Forces tool can be useful to managers in the non public education institution in Poland. The following is my argument to support the usefulness of Porters Five Forces; To begin with, there is threat of substitution that exists in the whole education industry. Parents can opt to take their kids to public school where there is no payment of tuition. Therefore, there is a threat to the non public institution from the substitution with the public institutions. Secondly, competitive rivalry exists in the Poland non public institutions. The existing institutions in the non public industry have there distinguishing features in respect to their competitors that they think that it gives them a competitive position. Third, there is little supplier power in the industry. There are many non public institutions offering the education service in the country. Another factor is that there is increasing buyers power. The number of buyers demanding the eduction services is decreasing as a result of declining population. This fact is increasing the buyers power to control prices (Magretta, 2012). Lastly, there are little barriers to entry in non public education indu stry in Poland. The new institution then gradually acquire distinguishing structures that enable it compete with existing institutions In conclusion, the Poland non public education sector is competitive and it important that organizations analyze their position in the industry by use of porters five forces. References Huggins, R. Izushi, H. (2011). Competition, Competitive Advantage, and Clusters (1st ed.). Oxford Scholarship Online. Krzyzanowska, M. Tkaczyk, J. (2012). Competitive landscape of the educational market: A managerial perspective. International Journal Of Management Cases, 14(4), 238-251. https://dx.doi.org/10.5848/apbj.2012.00101 Magretta, J. (2012). Understanding Michael Porter (1st ed.). Boston, Mass: Harvard Business Review Press.

Mountain Essays - Gorillas, Mountain Gorilla,

Mountain Gorillas Half man and half beast - this is what is usually said about the gorilla. They say that the gorilla is related to us. You can find mountain gorillas in the Virunga Volcanoes, which are located on the boundaries of Zaire, Rwanda, and Uganda. The Virungas are 600 miles of tropical rainforest. You'll find then roaming around 7,800 and 11,000 feet, but at low elevations. The gorillas live in units. Most of the units consist of about 6-12 members in it, most of them being related in some way. With each unit, there is a leader, usually an old silverback, who was a virtual dictator. A silverback male has large canines and he may weigh 400 pounds. He is the one who decides when to proceed, and when to stop, and which direction to go. When he sleeps, everyone else is supposed to be sleeping to, and then he gives a signal to wake up. When the old silverback gets too old, then his eldest son usually is the one to take over. The females are usually responsible for the nursing portion in the unit. Gorillas are peaceful and tolerant by nature. Whenever two groups meet, they either ignore each other, or they give each other a grumpy grunt. Sometimes the two groups would even stay together, and then eventually separate. There are many rumors about gorillas being very violent, but there are no reports about it. There are times when they have little mock fights, but there is never any blood shed in them. Right now there are not too many mountain gorillas you will find in the Virungas. Their population is only in the hundreds. In 1960, there was an estimated 450 gorillas still remaining in two isolated habitats. In a 1981 census, it gave a figure of about 254 gorillas. Right now there is somewhere between 400-450 mountain gorillas that have survived. There are so few of these creatures for many reasons. There are many poachers who kill the gorillas for their head or hands to sell to tourists as a souvenir, or hunter that kill them to have a trophy. With so much of this going on, the rangers of the parks so not think there will be anymore of these gorillas left by the end of the century. There have been a few projects and conservation groups made to save this endangered species. The Washington-based African Wildlife Foundation, started a program in the parks on park security, to prevent as much poaching. The tourist program also developed rapidly. They went from 1,352 paid visitors in 1978 to 5,790 in 1984. With the help of the money from tourism, they were able to start some programs on the conservation of the mountain gorillas. The basic issues of the groups and programs are human population and the way land is used. The future for the gorillas look very bleak. Illegal logging, gold prospecting, and hunting has become more and more popular where the gorillas live. To assure gorillas a future will require a dedication that can not just be done through projects or even years or centuries, but it takes a commitment for the rest of eternity. Bibliography Baumgartel, Walter. Up Among the Mountain Gorillas. New York: Hawthorn Books, 1976. Fossey, Dian. Gorillas in the Mist. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1983. Patterson, Francine. The Education of Koko. New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, 1981. Schaller, George B. Gorilla: Struggle for Survival in the Virungas. New York: Aperture Book, 1989.

35 Wedding Anniversary Wishes to Bless Married Couples

35 Wedding Anniversary Wishes to Bless Married Couples The decision to get married may be the most significant step you take in your life. It may take a while for you to get adjusted to married life. Marriage is a lifetime commitment. Once you decide to take the plunge, there is no looking back. Weddings are sacrosanct. You promise to cherish your spouse as long as you live. You take a vow to support each other in good and bad times. And you promise to love and be faithful forever. Wedding anniversaries are important milestones, as you count the years that rolled by in marital bliss. But marriage is not a bed of roses. Every couple faces challenges that threaten to tear them apart. When the foundation of marriage is weak, the relationship can crumble to dust. However, some couples rise above these challenges and emerge stronger than ever. Wedding anniversaries celebrate the triumphant years and remind the couple of their blessings. If your friend or relative is celebrating his wedding anniversary, congratulate the husband and wife for their togetherness. Bless them with heartfelt wedding anniversary wishes. Recall the beautiful memories of their wedding day to remind them of their deep love that keeps them going strong year after year. Elizabeth Barrett BrowningTwo human loves make one divine.Dean StanleyA happy marriage is a new beginning of life, a new starting point for happiness and usefulness.Elijah FentonWedded love is founded on esteem.Johann Wolfgang von GoetheThe sum which two married people owe to one another defies calculation. It is an infinite debt, which can only be discharged through all eternity.Eliza CookHark! The merry chimes are pealing,Soft and glad the music swells,Gaily in the night wind stealing,Sweetly sound the wedding bells.George ChapmanMarriage is ever made by destiny.Kahlil GibranYou were born together, and together you shall be forevermore... but let there be spaces in your togetherness. And let the winds of the heavens dance between you.Joseph CampbellWhen you make a sacrifice in marriage, youre sacrificing not to each other but to unity in a relationship.PlautusLet us celebrate the occasion with wine and sweet words.Thomas MooreThere is nothing half so sweet in lifeAs loves young dre am. Sir A. HuntHe is blessed in love alone,Who loves for years and loves but one.William ShakespeareGrace and remembrance be to you both.Honore de BalzacOne should believe in marriage as in the immortality of the soul.Franz Joseph von Munch-BellinghausenTwo souls with but a single thought,Two heart that beat as one.William ShakespeareHonor, riches, marriage-blessingLong continuance, and increasing,Hourly joys be still upon you!Ogden NashTo keep your marriage brimming,With love in the wedding cup,Whenever youre wrong, admit it;Whenever youre right, shut up.Emily BronteWhatever souls are made of, his and mine are the same.HoraceHappy and thrice happy are those who enjoy an uninterrupted union, and whose love, unbroken by any sour complaints, shall not dissolve until the last day of their existence.William ShakespeareHeaven give you many, many merry days.Rainer Maria RilkeA good marriage is that in which each appoints the other guardian of his solitude.Sam KeenWe come to love not by finding the perfect person, but by learning to see an imperfect person perfectly. MiltonHail, wedded love, mysterious law; true source of human happiness.William ShakespeareNow join hands, and with your hands your hearts.John DonneCome live with me and be my love,And we will some new pleasures proveOf golden sands and crystal brooks,With silken lines and silver hooks.Karl FuchsIt takes two special people,To make a loving pair.Thereà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s a joy just being around you,A feeling I love to share.Barbra StreisandWhy does a woman work ten years to change a mans habits and then complain that hes not the man she married?Jean RostandA married couple are well suited when both partners usually feel the need for a quarrel at the same time.Wellins CalcottIn the choice of a wife, we ought to make use of our ears, and not our eyes.Phyllis DillerWhatever you may look like, marry a man your own age as your beauty fades, so will his eyesight.William Makepeace ThackerayBad husbands will make bad wives.Kyran PittmanIf you can hang in there through minor and major differe nces of opinion, through each others big and little screw-ups, year after year, you come to understand that the person you married is really, terribly flawed. There isnt a human being you can hang out with, day in and day out, for over a decade and not come to the same inescapable realization. Wellins CalcottA single life is doubtless preferable to a married one, where prudence and affection do not accompany the choice; but where they do, there is no terrestrial happiness equal to the married state.Phyllis DillerA bachelor is a guy who never made the same mistake once.Chloe DanielsA marriage is like a salad: the man has to know how to keep his tomatoes on the top.J. R. EwingMarriage is like these bonbons. You never know what youre getting until youre right in the middle of it.

Biography of Clarence Darrow, Legendary Attorney

Biography of Clarence Darrow, Legendary Attorney Clarence Darrow became the most famous defense lawyer in early 20th century America by taking on cases considered hopeless and emerging as a leading voice for civil liberties. Among his celebrated cases was the defense of John Scopes, the Tennessee teacher prosecuted in 1925 for teaching about the theory of evolution, and the defense of Leopold and Loeb, two wealthy students who killed a neighbor boy for the thrill of it. Darrows legal career was utterly ordinary until he became involved in advocating for labor activists in the 1890s. Before long he would become nationally known as a crusader for justice, often speaking out against capital punishment. His obituary in the New York Time in 1938 noted that he had defended the accused in â€Å"a hundred or more murder trials, no client of his had ever died on the gallows or in the electric chair.† That was not entirely accurate, but it underscores Darrows legendary reputation. Fast Facts: Clarence Darrow Known For: Famous defense attorney who often won cases thought to be hopeless.Notable Cases: Leopold and Loeb, 1924; the Scopes Monkey Trial, 1925.Born: April 18, 1857, near Kinsman, OhioDied: March 13, 1938, age 80, Chicago, IllinoisSpouses: Jessie Ohl (m. 1880-1897) and Ruby Hammerstrom (m. 1903)Children: Paul Edward DarrowEducation: Allegheny College and University of Michigan Law SchoolInteresting Fact: Darrow claimed to believe in personal liberty, the abolition of capital punishment, and the improvement of labor conditions. Early Life Clarence Darrow was born April 18, 1857, in Farmdale, Ohio. After attending public schools in Ohio, young Darrow worked as a farm hand and decided the labor of the farm was not for him. He studied for a year Allegheny College in Pennsylvania before attending the University of Michigan law school for a year. His education was not impressive by modern standards, but it qualified him to read law for a year with a local lawyer in Ohio, which was a common method of becoming an attorney at the time. Darrow became a member of the Ohio bar in 1878, and for the next decade he embarked on a fairly typical career for a lawyer in small town America. In 1887, hoping to take on more interesting work, Darrow moved to Chicago. In the big city he worked as a civil lawyer, pursuing ordinary legal tasks. He took on work as a counsel for the city, and in the early 1890s he worked as a corporate counsel for the Chicago and Northwestern Railroad. In 1894 Darrow’s life took a significant turn when he began defending legendary labor activist Eugene V. Debs, who was fighting an injunction against him for leading a strike against the Pullman company. Darrow was ultimately not successful in his defense of Debs. But his exposure to Debs and the labor movement gave him new direction in life. Crusader for Justice Beginning in the mid-1890s, Darrow began taking on cases that appealed to his sense of justice. He was generally successful, for what he lacked in education and prestige he made up with his ability to speak plainly but dramatically in front of juries and judges. His courtroom suits were always rumpled, apparently by design. He portrayed himself as a common man seeking justice, though often armed with cunning legal strategies. Darrow became known for sharp cross-examinations of witnesses, and as he championed those he considered oppressed, he would often introduce novel concepts from the emerging field of criminology. In 1894 Darrow defended Eugene Prendergast, a drifter who killed the mayor of Chicago, Carter Harrison, and then walked into a police station and confessed. Darrow raised an insanity defense, but Prendergast was convicted and sentenced to death. He was the first and last of Darrows clients to be executed. The Haywood Case One of Darrows most notable cases came in 1907, when the former governor of Idaho, a supporter of the mining industry, was killed in a bombing. Detectives from the Pinkerton agency apprehended officials of the Western Federation of Miners (part of the Industrial Workers of the World) including the unions president, William Big Bill Haywood. Charged with conspiracy to commit murder, Haywood and others were to go on trial in Boise, Idaho. Darrow was retained for the defense and deftly destroyed the prosecutions case. Under Darrows cross-examination, the actual perpetrator of the bombing admitted he had acted alone as a matter of personal vengeance. He had been pressured to implicate the labor leaders by the prosecutors in the case. Darrow gave a summation which amounted to a profound defense of the labor movement. Haywood and the others were acquitted, and Darrows performance cemented his position as a defender of the common man against money interests. Leopold and Loeb Darrow was on the front pages of newspapers across American in 1924 when he defended Nathan Leopold and Richard Loeb. The two were college students from wealthy families who confessed to a shocking crime, the murder of a 14-year-old neighbor boy, Robert Franks. Leopold and Loeb became figures of public fascination as they told detectives they had committed the kidnapping and murder of a random boy for the adventure of perpetrating the perfect crime. Seated left to right, Nathan Leopold, Jr., attorney Clarence Darrow and Richard Loeb. The boys were found guilty of the murder and kidnapping and Bobby Franks.    The families of Leopold and Loeb approached Darrow, who at first resisted taking the case. He was certain they would be convicted, and he had no doubt they had committed the murder. But he took on the case as he was opposed to capital punishment, and his goal would be to save them from what seemed to be certain execution by hanging. Darrow requested that the case be heard by a judge without a jury. The judge in the case agreed. Darrow’s strategy was not to argue about their guilt, which was certain. And as they had been judged sane, he couldn’t argue an insanity defense. He tried something novel, which was to argue that the two young men were mentally diseased. Darrow called expert witnesses to advance psychiatric theories. The witness, known at the time as alienists, claimed the young men had mental problems related to their upbringings which were mitigating factors in the crime. The appeal for mercy posed by Darrow eventually succeeded. After deliberating for ten days, the judge sentenced Leopold and Loeb to sentences of life plus 99 years. (Loeb was killed in prison by another inmate in 1934. Leopold was eventually paroled in 1958 and died in Puerto Rico in 1971.) The judge in the case told the press that he was moved to show mercy by the age of the defendants and not by the psychiatric evidence. However, the case was considered by the public to be a triumph for Darrow. The Scopes Trial Darrow was a religious agnostic and was particularly opposed to religious fundamentalism. So the defense of John Scopes, the schoolteacher from Dayton, Tennessee, prosecuted for teaching about Darwin’s Theory of Evolution naturally appealed to him. American lawyers Clarence Darrow (1857-1938) and William Jennings Bryan (1860-1925) at the Scopes Trial. Heritage Images / Getty Images The case arose when the 24-year-old Scopes, teaching in a local public high school, included mentions of Darwin’s ideas in the curriculum. By doing so he violated a Tennessee law, the Butler Act, and he was charged. William Jennings Bryan, one of most prominent Americans in politics for decades, entered the case as the prosecuting attorney. On one level, the case was simply about whether Scopes had violated the local law. But when Darrow came into the case, the proceedings became nationally known, and the case was dubbed The Monkey Trial in the sensationalist press. A split in American society in the 1920s, between religious conservatives and progressives advocating science, became the focus of the courtroom drama. Newspaper reporters, including the legendary journalist and social critic H.L. Mencken, flooded into the town of Dayton, Tennessee, for the trial. News dispatches went out via telegraph, and even reporters in the new medium of radio relayed the proceedings to listeners around the country. The highlight of the trial occurred when Bryan, claiming to be an authority on Biblical teachings, took the witness stand. He was cross-examined by Darrow. Reports of the encounter stressed how Darrow had humbled Bryan by getting him to admit to a literal interpretation of the Bible. A headline in the Washington Evening Star proclaimed: Eve Made of Rib, Jonah Swallowed by Fish, Bryan Declares In Sensational Cross-Examination of Bible Beliefs By Darrow. The legal result of the trial was actually a loss for Darrow’s client. Scopes was found guilty and fined $100. However, to many observers, including H.L. Mencken, Darrow was considered to have won a victory in the sense of having shown to the nation at large the ludicrous nature of fundamentalism. Later Career Besides his busy legal practice, Darrow published a number of books, including Crime: Its Cause and Treatment, published in 1922, dealing with Darrows belief that crime was caused by factors impacting a persons life. He also wrote an autobiography published in 1932. In 1934, President Franklin Roosevelt appointed the elderly Darrow to a post in the federal government, assigned to correct legal problems with the National Recovery Act (a part of the New Deal). Darrows work was considered successful. One of his last jobs was to serve on a commission studying the threat arising in Europe, and he issued a warning about the danger of Hitler. Darrow died in Chicago on March 13, 1938. His funeral was attended by many members of the public, and he was eulogized as a tireless crusader for justice. Sources: Clarence Seward Darrow. Encyclopedia of World Biography, 2nd ed., vol. 4, Gale, 2004, pp. 396-397. Gale Virtual Reference Library.Scopes Monkey Trial. Gale Encyclopedia of American Law, edited by Donna Batten, 3rd ed., vol. 9, Gale, 2010, pp. 38-40. Gale Virtual Reference Library.Darrow, Clarence. Crime and Punishment in America Reference Library, edited by Richard C. Hanes, et al., vol. 4: Primary Sources, UXL, 2005, pp. 118-130. Gale Virtual Reference Library.

Week-3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Week-3 - Essay Example The reason as to why I enjoy doing this is to analyze how the court interprets the law, therefore gaining an understanding on how the criminal justice system in United States of America operates. One of the jobs that I don’t enjoy doing is collecting fines, fees and forfeitures from convicted individuals. On this note, while carrying out my duties, I always work on the interesting things first. This is for the purposes of motivating me, and improving my morale so as I may work effectively on the uninteresting job that lies ahead. These interesting jobs are easy for me to handle, this is because I enjoy doing them. On this note, the first tasks accomplished during my work rounds are the easier tasks. However, during the process of my duties, there are always urgent matters and important matters (Carroll, 18). For instance, a magistrate might request for a filed case law for purposes of relying on it to make a decision. This falls under the category of an important matter. An example of an urgent situation is when there remains some few minutes to the closing of government offices, and yet a suspect wants to pay fine in order to gain his or her freedom. Failure to pay at the moment, might result to him or her spending some another day in prison. This is an urgent matter, and as an intern clerk, I would work on the urgent matter first and the concentrate on the important matter because there is sufficient time to handle the issue. Regarding on an important matter, there is no need of waiting for the deadline to approach before working on the issue (Carroll, 13). For instance, as soon as a magistrate requires a file on a previous judgment, it is my duty to look for the file and give it out as soon as possible. This will save my time, and allow me to engage on other duties. On this note, the best way to manage my time is to start by working on the interesting tasks, and thereafter move to

Organic Foods Annotated Bibliography Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Organic Foods - Annotated Bibliography Example 1. Derk Jan Stobbelaar, Gerda Casimir, Josine Borghuis, Inge Marks, Laurens Meijer & Simone Zebeda. (2008) Adolescent’s attitudes towards Organic food: A survey on 15 to 16 year old school children. International Journal of Consumer Studies. In this article the authors, have touched upon the need for aiming at organic policies keeping in mind the adolescents. As adolescents are going to be the consumers of tomorrow, the authors conducted a survey among school children in the ages of 15-16 years which tested their knowledge about organic food. The survey conducted among 700 students also examined their attitudes towards organic food, whether they bought organic food and their influence upon their parents to buy the same. The findings of the survey revealed that the adolescent children had a positive attitude towards organic food. Even though their attitude was positive, they had little knowledge about it and were not too willing to buy it. The authors suggested that the campaigns aimed at the target group should be designed, keeping in mind their preferences and ethical values. 2. Sylvette Monier et al. (2009) Organic Food Consumption Patterns. Journal of Agricultural and Food Industrial Organization. The authors Monier et al., conducted a research on two different issues relating to the consumption of organic food in France. Since it was aimed to increase the consumption of organic food the issue that was first researched was whether the choice for organic food was permanent or not.

Changing Ethical Perspectives-McDonald’s Essay Example for Free

Changing Ethical Perspectives-McDonald’s Essay When Dick and Mac McDonald opened their first barbecue restaurant in 1940, it is doubtful they realized the impact their company name would have upon the world of business and food service. A few years after they opened their restaurant, they closed to renovate, rethink their business strategy, and presented a simple drive-in restaurant with a small menu to allow the brothers to focus not on providing diversity and choices, but quality within their service and products (â€Å"Our History-1940†, n.d.). It may have been the simplicity of the operation, or the high level of dedication to service that attracted the attention of restaurant equipment salesman Ray Croc. In 1954, Ray Croc visited their only establishment in San Bernadino, California and learned they had an interest in building a franchise around their existing business configuration. Ray Croc and the McDonald’s brothers agree on their first franchise plan and set out to build more locations. Kroc opens his first franchise location in Des Plaines, Ill. on April 15, 1955. By 1965, there would be more than 700 McDonald’s restaurants throughout the United States (â€Å"Our History-1955†, n.d.). As McDonald’s expanded outward, their community responsibilities inherently would increase. Through the period of the fifties and sixties, community and social responsibilities were simple; keep a clean restaurant, set reasonable prices (hamburgers were 15 cents), and concentrate on service. At the outset, it would appear the ethical perspective would be one close to utilitarianism (what will the most people like), with little emphasis on deontology or virtue theory. As McDonald’s moved into the seventies leading them on a voyage around the world, these responsibilities and perspectives would have to adapt and change rapidly to accommodate cultural changes and needs. Changes in Ethical Perspective as a Result of Globalization In 1967, the first McDonald’s restaurants opened in Canada and Puerto Rico. During this time of expansion, the McDonald’s line was fully developed into a restaurant that can be recognized with its signature golden arches and bright red and white colorations of the building. The menu also presented an unwavering selection of hamburgers, cheeseburgers, soda pop, and French fries. As McDonald’s expanded globally, it did so carrying the same rigid elements of marketing and selection that was originally offered at the start. Global expansion was going well, but cultural adaptation and ethical considerations are still several years away. The first sign from McDonald’s regarding ethics or a reaction to corporate social responsibility did not happen from their global expansion. In 1973, McDonald’s opened the first Ronald McDonald House in response to aid ailing children from Leukemia. From here, social responsibility for McDonald’s become apparent, but at a very slow pace (â€Å"Our History-1973†, n.d.). Cultural Issues within the Global Organization Amidst the seventies and moving into the eighties, environmental and ethical perspectives became more important. McDonald’s however, did not become a leader in globalization as well as ethical considerations. Because of the rigidity of their plant operation and offerings, they slowly were becoming an icon for unchanging American standards and unhealthy diet standards. In a weak attempt to stay strong and fresh, McDonald’s began increasing their menu from the simple hamburger and cheeseburger to include also specialty breakfast items and a larger dinner menu. They still failed however to change their image from canned and greasy fast food. The ethical rigidity of McDonald’s failing to change their menu items would continue well into 1987 before the first fresh salad entrees would finally allow them to slowly break their crusty perspective of ‘factory-made’ food (â€Å"Our History-1987†, n.d.). McDonald’s and the World-An Ethical Perspective Through the nineties and into the 21st century, a new form of consumer was emerging. This new creed of shopping known as ‘ethical consumerism’ focuses in on supporting companies that have a proven track record of healthy and environmentally supportive business practices. Even with menu enhancements and slight menu changes within the different cultural areas McDonald’s had entered, this is an area they had not yet championed (York, 2006). In order to survive, corporate leadership knew they had a very steep challenge to face. In small steps, McDonald’s slowly turned their behemoth juggernaut of food service into becoming more environmentally conscious and ‘green’. They took on challenges from large organizations such as People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) to change their beef and chicken production (Beef magazine, 2005). As the critics emerged, McDonald’s faced charges of unhealthy menu’s and unsound environmental practices. McDonald’s had to make a decision-keep with their out of date business plan and face ruin in the age of environmentally conscious companies, or find ways to introduce the needed changes into their organization. The process was slow, but over time, McDonald’s found by making necessary changes to their organization, they were able to slowly gain back a market share of followers who recognizing their ethical and environmental changes, were once again willing to support their cause. The result was a healthier menu, diet and nutritional guides, and even environmentally sound coffee and cups could be found within the walls of a typical McDonald’s restaurant around the world (York, 2006). According to Reynolds (2011), McDonald’s even prominently publicized their new image efforts through a new and fresh series of television advertising â€Å"†¦to focus on McDonald’s community and environmental initiatives†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Modern Cross-Cultural Perspective for McDonald’s McDonald’s has risen from one small drive-in restaurant with a menu consisting of 15 cent hamburgers, fries, and soda to a multinational company consisting of 33,500 local restaurants serving 68 million people in 119 different countries. Their current cultural perspective at the present time contains variety that Ray Croc could never have imagined in the middle of the 20th century. A mixture of utilitarianism (what would please most customers) and deontology (what is our CSR) seems to drive the corporate think tank and operational culture. McDonald’s is an excellent example of how a company that was started with very simple goals expanded, faced legal, ethical, and moral pressures and challenges, and is still capable of making it to the top of biggest and healthiest fast food restaurant franchises (Minkin, 2012). One of the greatest obstacles to McDonald’s was a rigid and unwillingness to change both image and perspective. Through the decades however, McDonald’s leadership has met their community responsibilities and currently carries an accepted ethical and moral perspective. References Author Unknown, (2005, February). McDonalds eyes change in Poultry Harvest Method. Beef, 1. Minkin, T. (2012). Americas Top Ten Healthiest Fast Food Restaurants. Retrieved from http://www.health.com/health/gallery/0,,20435301,00.html Our History. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.mcdonalds.com/us/en/our_story/our_history.html Reynolds, J. (2011, June). McDonalds Activity to Promote Ethical Focus. Marketing Magazine, (3), 1. York, M. (2006, November). With the planet dying of. New Internationalist, (), 5.